The flag of Afghanistan has been through more changes than any other flag since the start of the 20th century, with a whopping 20 changes to the designs since the plain black flag of the Hotaki dynasty (1709-1738). Afghanistan was ruled under several Empires before being declared a kingdom in the first half of the 20th century, with four changes to the design taking place under the rule of King Amanullah (1919 – 1929). The 1929 flag saw the change from a black flag to the black, red and green striped flag colours seen today. The Afghanistan flag then went through a large number of changes as the country changed from a Kingdom to a Republic, to an Islamic State and finally to the current Islamic Republic.
More info and images of all historical Afghanistan flags can be found here.
The current flag of Afghanistan is a black green and red vertical tricolour with the coat of arms in white in the centre. The coat of arms has been through several changes in the 20th century, with the current version showing as follows - the inscription of the Shahadah in Arabic curves across the top (translates as 'There is no god but God. Muhammad is the messenger of God'). Below is depicted a mosque with a mihrab (niche on a wall that indicates the direction of the Kabba in Mecca) and a minbar (pulpit where the imam stands to deliver his sermon). Flags of Afghanistan are attached to either side of the mosque. Beneath the mosque in the name of the nation (in Arabic). The mosque is surrounded by shaves of wheat with the year Afghansitan gained independence from the British inscribed below (1919).
The colours which have been present in most Afgahnistan flags for the past 100 years are representative as follows - black signifies the past, red is for the blood shed for independence, and green represents either hope for the future, agricultural prosperity, or Islam.
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